Subcontractor
A specialty trade contractor hired by the general contractor to perform specific portions of a project, such as electrical or plumbing work.
A subcontractor (sub) is a licensed specialty trade professional hired by the general contractor (or directly by the homeowner in a GC-free project) to execute specific scopes of work. Common residential subcontractors include electricians, plumbers, HVAC technicians, tile setters, flooring installers, painters, roofers, concrete workers, and framers.
Subs are typically paid directly by the GC, who marks up their cost. On design-build or owner-managed projects, the homeowner may hire subs directly to save the GC markup, but this requires the homeowner to coordinate schedules, manage interfaces, and assume liability for any disputes. State law may also require a licensed GC to be on record as the permit holder for work involving multiple trades.
Subcontractors should be licensed for their specific trade and carry their own liability and workers' comp insurance. A GC's insurance generally does not cover a sub's employees. Always verify a sub's insurance certificates before they begin work on your property.
Real-World Example
The GC hired three subcontractors for the kitchen remodel: an electrician for the new circuits, a plumber for the sink relocation, and a tile setter for the backsplash.